One of the problems is that --force had multiple meanings

- Force chip read by faking probe success.
- Force chip access even if the chip is bigger than max decode size for
  the flash bus.
- Force erase even if erase is known bad.
- Force write even if write is known bad.
- Force writing even if cbtable tells us that this is the wrong image
  for this board.

This patch cleans up --force usage:
- Remove any suggestions to use --force for probe/read from flashrom
  output.
- Don't talk about "success" or "Found chip" if the chip is forced.
- Add a new internal programmer parameter boardmismatch=force. This
  overrides any mismatch detection from cbtable/image comparisons.
- Add a new internal programmer parameter laptop=force_I_want_a_brick.
- Adjust the documentation for --force.
- Clean up the man page a bit whereever it talks about --force or
  laptops.

Additional changes in this patch:
- Add warnings about laptops to the documentation.
- Abort if a laptop is detected. Can be overridden with the programmer
parameter mentioned above.
- Add "Portable" to the list of DMI strings indicating laptops.
- Check if a chip specified with -c is known to flashrom.
- Programmer parameter reliability and consistency fixes.
- More paranoid self-checks.
- Improve documentation.

Corresponding to flashrom svn r996.

Signed-off-by: Carl-Daniel Hailfinger <c-d.hailfinger.devel.2006@gmx.net>
Acked-by: Michael Karcher <flashrom@mkarcher.dialup.fu-berlin.de>

README

@@ -11,6 +11,12 @@ program flash chips.
 It supports a wide range of DIP32, PLCC32, DIP8, SO8/SOIC8, TSOP32, and TSOP40
 chips, which use various protocols such as LPC, FWH, parallel flash, or SPI.
 
+Do not use flashrom on laptops! The embedded controller (EC) present in many
+laptops interacts badly with any flash attempts and can brick your laptop
+permanently.
+
+Please make a backup of your flash chip before writing to it.
+
 Please see the flashrom(8) manpage.
 
 

cli_classic.c

@@ -248,6 +248,10 @@ int cli_classic(int argc, char *argv[])
 					switch (optarg[namelen]) {
 					case ':':
 						programmer_param = strdup(optarg + namelen + 1);
+						if (!strlen(programmer_param)) {
+							free(programmer_param);
+							programmer_param = NULL;
+						}
 						break;
 					case '\0':
 						break;
@@ -303,6 +307,21 @@ int cli_classic(int argc, char *argv[])
 		cli_classic_usage(argv[0]);
 	}
 
+	if (chip_to_probe) {
+		for (flash = flashchips; flash && flash->name; flash++)
+			if (!strcmp(flash->name, chip_to_probe))
+				break;
+		if (!flash || !flash->name) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Error: Unknown chip '%s' specified.\n",
+				chip_to_probe);
+			printf("Run flashrom -L to view the hardware supported "
+				"in this flashrom version.\n");
+			exit(1);
+		}
+		/* Clean up after the check. */
+		flash = NULL;
+	}
+		
 	if (programmer_init()) {
 		fprintf(stderr, "Error: Programmer initialization failed.\n");
 		exit(1);
@@ -329,18 +348,14 @@ int cli_classic(int argc, char *argv[])
 	} else if (!flashes[0]) {
 		printf("No EEPROM/flash device found.\n");
 		if (!force || !chip_to_probe) {
-			printf("If you know which flash chip you have, and if this version of flashrom\n");
+			printf("Note: flashrom can never write if the flash chip isn't found automatically.\n");
-			printf("supports a similar flash chip, you can try to force read your chip. Run:\n");
-			printf("flashrom -f -r -c similar_supported_flash_chip filename\n");
-			printf("\n");
-			printf("Note: flashrom can never write when the flash chip isn't found automatically.\n");
 		}
 		if (force && read_it && chip_to_probe) {
-			printf("Force read (-f -r -c) requested, forcing chip probe success:\n");
+			printf("Force read (-f -r -c) requested, pretending the chip is there:\n");
 			flashes[0] = probe_flash(flashchips, 1);
 			if (!flashes[0]) {
-				printf("flashrom does not support a flash chip named '%s'.\n", chip_to_probe);
+				printf("Probing for flash chip '%s' failed.\n", chip_to_probe);
-				printf("Run flashrom -L to view the hardware supported in this flashrom version.\n");
+				programmer_shutdown();
 				exit(1);
 			}
 			printf("Please note that forced reads most likely contain garbage.\n");

dmi.c

@@ -102,7 +102,8 @@ void dmi_init(void)
 	}
 
 	chassis_type = get_dmi_string("chassis-type");
-	if (chassis_type && !strcmp(chassis_type, "Notebook")) {
+	if (chassis_type && (!strcmp(chassis_type, "Notebook") ||
+			     !strcmp(chassis_type, "Portable"))) {
 		printf_debug("Laptop detected via DMI\n");
 		is_laptop = 1;
 	}

flash.h

@@ -385,6 +385,7 @@ void release_io_perms(void);
 #if INTERNAL_SUPPORT == 1
 extern int is_laptop;
 extern int force_boardenable;
+extern int force_boardmismatch;
 void probe_superio(void);
 int internal_init(void);
 int internal_shutdown(void);

flashrom.8

@@ -61,7 +61,10 @@ Erase the flash ROM chip.
 More verbose output.
 .TP
 .B "\-c, \-\-chip" <chipname>
-Probe only for specified flash ROM chip.
+Probe only for specified flash ROM chip. This option takes the chip name as
+printed by
+.B "flashrom \-L"
+without the vendor name. Please note that the chip name is case sensitive.
 .TP
 .B "\-m, \-\-mainboard" <[vendor:]part>
 Override mainboard settings.
@@ -77,11 +80,16 @@ a list of boards which require the specification of the board name, if no
 coreboot table is found.
 .TP
 .B "\-f, \-\-force"
-Force write without checking whether the ROM image file is really meant
+Force one or more of the following actions:
-to be used on this board.
 .sp
-Note: This check only works while coreboot is running, and only for those
+* Force chip read and pretend the chip is there.
-boards where the coreboot code supports it.
+.sp
+* Force chip access even if the chip is bigger than max decode size for\
+ the flash bus.
+.sp
+* Force erase even if erase is known bad.
+.sp
+* Force write even if write is known bad.
 .TP
 .B "\-l, \-\-layout <file>"
 Read ROM layout from
@@ -135,7 +143,7 @@ Same as
 but outputs the supported hardware in MediaWiki syntax, so that it can be
 easily pasted into the wiki page at http://www.flashrom.org/.
 .TP
-.B "\-p, \-\-programmer <name>[:parameters]"
+.B "\-p, \-\-programmer <name>[:parameter[,parameter[,parameter]]]"
 Specify the programmer device. Currently supported are:
 .sp
 .BR "* internal" " (default, for in-system flashing in the mainboard)"
@@ -220,6 +228,13 @@ has been written because it is known that writing/erasing without the board
 enable is going to fail. In any case (success or failure), please report to
 the flashrom mailing list, see below.
 .sp
+On systems running coreboot, flashrom checks whether the desired image matches
+your mainboard. This needs some special board ID to be present in the image.
+If flashrom detects that the image you want to write and the current board
+do not match, it will refuse to write the image unless you specify
+.sp
+.B "flashrom -p internal:boardmismatch=force"
+.sp
 If your mainboard uses an ITE IT87 series Super I/O for LPC<->SPI flash bus
 translation, flashrom should autodetect that configuration. You can use
 .B "flashrom -p internal:it87spiport=portnum"
@@ -228,6 +243,24 @@ syntax as explained in the
 programmer section to use a non-default port for controlling the IT87 series
 Super I/O. In the unlikely case flashrom doesn't detect an active IT87 LPC<->SPI
 bridge, you can try to force recognition by using the it87spi programmer.
+.sp
+Using flashrom on laptops is dangerous and may easily make your hardware
+unusable (see also the BUGS section).  The embedded controller (EC) in these
+machines often interacts badly with flashing. http://www.flashrom.org/Laptops
+has more information. If flash is shared with the EC, erase is guaranteed to
+brick your laptop and write is very likely to brick your laptop.
+Chip read and probe may irritate your EC and cause fan failure, backlight
+failure, sudden poweroff, and other nasty effects.
+flashrom will attempt to detect laptops and abort immediately for safety
+reasons.
+If you want to proceed anyway at your own risk, use
+.sp
+.B "flashrom -p internal:laptop=force_I_want_a_brick"
+.sp
+You have been warned.
+.sp
+We will not help you if you force flashing on a laptop because this is a really
+dumb idea.
 .TP
 .BR "dummy " programmer
 An optional parameter specifies the bus types it
@@ -315,8 +348,14 @@ flashrom exits with 0 on success, 1 on most failures but with 2 if /dev/mem
 .SH BUGS
 Please report any bugs at
 .BR http://www.flashrom.org/trac/flashrom/newticket ","
-or on the flashrom mailing list
+or on the flashrom mailing list at
-.RB "(" http://www.flashrom.org/mailman/listinfo/flashrom ")."
+.BR http://www.flashrom.org/mailman/listinfo/flashrom "."
+.sp
+Using flashrom on laptops is dangerous and may easily make your hardware
+unusable unless you can desolder the flash chip and have a full flash chip
+backup. This is caused by the embedded controller (EC) present in many laptops,
+which interacts badly with any flash attempts. This is a hardware limitation
+and flashrom will attempt to detect it and abort immediately for safety reasons.
 .SH LICENCE
 .B flashrom
 is covered by the GNU General Public License (GPL), version 2. Some files are

flashrom.c

@@ -488,7 +488,17 @@ char *extract_param(char **haystack, char *needle, char *delim)
 	char *param_pos, *rest, *tmp;
 	char *dev = NULL;
 	int devlen;
+	int needlelen;
 
+	needlelen = strlen(needle);
+	if (!needlelen) {
+		msg_gerr("%s: empty needle! Please report a bug at "
+			 "flashrom@flashrom.org\n", __func__);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	/* No programmer parameters given. */
+	if (*haystack == NULL)
+		return NULL;
 	param_pos = strstr(*haystack, needle);
 	do {
 		if (!param_pos)
@@ -924,7 +934,8 @@ notfound:
 	if (!flash || !flash->name)
 		return NULL;
 
-	printf("Found chip \"%s %s\" (%d KB, %s) at physical address 0x%lx.\n",
+	printf("%s chip \"%s %s\" (%d KB, %s) at physical address 0x%lx.\n",
+	       force ? "Assuming" : "Found",
 	       flash->vendor, flash->name, flash->total_size,
 	       flashbuses_to_text(flash->bustype), base);
 

internal.c

@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ struct pci_dev *pci_card_find(uint16_t vendor, uint16_t device,
 #if INTERNAL_SUPPORT == 1
 struct superio superio = {};
 int force_boardenable = 0;
+int force_boardmismatch = 0;
 
 void probe_superio(void)
 {
@@ -117,26 +118,42 @@ int is_laptop;
 int internal_init(void)
 {
 	int ret = 0;
+	int force_laptop = 0;
+	char *arg;
 
-	if (programmer_param && !strlen(programmer_param)) {
+	arg = extract_param(&programmer_param, "boardenable=", ",:");
-		free(programmer_param);
+	if (arg && !strcmp(arg,"force")) {
-		programmer_param = NULL;
+		force_boardenable = 1;
+	} else if (arg && !strlen(arg)) {
+		msg_perr("Missing argument for boardenable.\n");
+	} else if (arg) {
+		msg_perr("Unknown argument for boardenable: %s\n", arg);
+		exit(1);
 	}
-	if (programmer_param) {
+	free(arg);
-		char *arg;
-		arg = extract_param(&programmer_param, "boardenable=", ",:");
-		if (arg && !strcmp(arg,"force"))
-			force_boardenable = 1;
-		else if (arg)
-			msg_perr("Unknown argument for boardenable: %s\n", arg);
-		free(arg);
 
-		if (strlen(programmer_param))
+	arg = extract_param(&programmer_param, "boardmismatch=", ",:");
-			msg_perr("Unhandled programmer parameters: %s\n",
+	if (arg && !strcmp(arg,"force")) {
-				programmer_param);
+		force_boardmismatch = 1;
-		free(programmer_param);
+	} else if (arg && !strlen(arg)) {
-		programmer_param = NULL;
+		msg_perr("Missing argument for boardmismatch.\n");
+	} else if (arg) {
+		msg_perr("Unknown argument for boardmismatch: %s\n", arg);
+		exit(1);
 	}
+	free(arg);
+
+	arg = extract_param(&programmer_param, "laptop=", ",:");
+	if (arg && !strcmp(arg,"force_I_want_a_brick")) {
+		force_laptop = 1;
+	} else if (arg && !strlen(arg)) {
+		msg_perr("Missing argument for laptop.\n");
+	} else if (arg) {
+		msg_perr("Unknown argument for laptop: %s\n", arg);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	free(arg);
+
 	get_io_perms();
 
 	/* Initialize PCI access for flash enables */
@@ -155,22 +172,35 @@ int internal_init(void)
 	probe_superio();
 
 	/* Warn if a laptop is detected. */
-	if (is_laptop)
+	if (is_laptop) {
-		printf("========================================================================\n"
+		msg_perr("========================================================================\n"
-		       "WARNING! You seem to be running flashrom on a laptop.\n"
+			 "WARNING! You seem to be running flashrom on a laptop.\n"
-		       "Laptops, notebooks and netbooks are difficult to support and we recommend\n"
+			 "Laptops, notebooks and netbooks are difficult to support and we recommend\n"
-		       "to use the vendor flashing utility. The embedded controller (EC) in these\n"
+			 "to use the vendor flashing utility. The embedded controller (EC) in these\n"
-		       "machines often interacts badly with flashing.\n"
+			 "machines often interacts badly with flashing.\n"
-		       "See http://www.flashrom.org/Laptops for details.\n"
+			 "See http://www.flashrom.org/Laptops for details.\n\n"
-		       "========================================================================\n");
+			 "If flash is shared with the EC, erase is guaranteed to brick your laptop\n"
+			 "and write may brick your laptop.\n"
+			 "Read and probe may irritate your EC and cause fan failure, backlight\n"
+			 "failure and sudden poweroff.\n"
+			 "You have been warned.\n"
+			 "========================================================================\n");
+		if (force_laptop) {
+			msg_perr("Proceeding anyway because user specified "
+				 "laptop=force_I_want_a_brick\n");
+		} else {
+			msg_perr("Aborting.\n");
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
 
 	/* try to enable it. Failure IS an option, since not all motherboards
 	 * really need this to be done, etc., etc.
 	 */
 	ret = chipset_flash_enable();
 	if (ret == -2) {
-		printf("WARNING: No chipset found. Flash detection "
+		msg_perr("WARNING: No chipset found. Flash detection "
-		       "will most likely fail.\n");
+			 "will most likely fail.\n");
 	}
 
 	/* Probe for IT87* LPC->SPI translation unconditionally. */
@@ -182,7 +212,7 @@ int internal_init(void)
 	 * The error code might have been a warning only.
 	 * Besides that, we don't check the board enable return code either.
 	 */
-	return 0; 
+	return 0;
 }
 
 int internal_shutdown(void)

layout.c

@@ -111,14 +111,15 @@ int show_id(uint8_t *bios, int size, int force)
 	    !strcasecmp(mainboard_part, lb_part)) {
 		printf_debug("This firmware image matches this mainboard.\n");
 	} else {
-		if (force) {
+		if (force_boardmismatch) {
 			printf("WARNING: This firmware image does not "
 			       "seem to fit to this machine - forcing it.\n");
 		} else {
 			printf("ERROR: Your firmware image (%s:%s) does not "
 			       "appear to\n       be correct for the detected "
-			       "mainboard (%s:%s)\n\nOverride with --force if you "
+			       "mainboard (%s:%s)\n\nOverride with -p internal:"
-			       "are absolutely sure that you\nare using a correct "
+			       "boardmismatch=force if you are absolutely sure "
+			       "that\nyou are using a correct "
 			       "image for this mainboard or override\nthe detected "
 			       "values with --mainboard <vendor>:<mainboard>.\n\n",
 			       mainboard_vendor, mainboard_part, lb_vendor,