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This document is converted from Technology page on wiki https://wiki.flashrom.org/Technology Change-Id: I93107d6b5530c301dd90f7177758632d9d1810eb Signed-off-by: Anastasia Klimchuk <aklm@flashrom.org> Reviewed-on: https://review.coreboot.org/c/flashrom/+/83584 Reviewed-by: Stefan Reinauer <stefan.reinauer@coreboot.org> Tested-by: build bot (Jenkins) <no-reply@coreboot.org>
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**flashrom** is a utility for identifying, reading, writing, verifying and erasing flash
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chips. It is designed to flash BIOS/EFI/coreboot/firmware/optionROM images on mainboards,
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network/graphics/storage controller cards, and various other programmer devices.
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* Supports more than 627 flash chips, 407 chipsets, 539 mainboards, 94 PCI devices,
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30 USB devices and various parallel/serial port-based programmers.
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For more information, see the pages under :doc:`/supported_hw/index`.
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* Supports parallel, LPC, FWH and SPI flash interfaces and various chip packages (DIP32,
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PLCC32, DIP8, SO8/SOIC8, TSOP32, TSOP40, TSOP48, BGA and more), see :doc:`user_docs/overview`.
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* No physical access needed, root access is sufficient (not needed for some programmers).
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* No bootable floppy disk, bootable CD-ROM or other media needed.
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* No keyboard or monitor needed. Simply reflash remotely via SSH.
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* No instant reboot needed. Reflash your chip in a running system, verify it, be happy.
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The new firmware will be present next time you boot.
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* Crossflashing and hotflashing is possible as long as the flash chips are electrically
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and logically compatible (same protocol). Great for recovery.
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* Scriptability. Reflash a whole pool of identical machines at the same time from the
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command line. It is recommended to check flashrom output and error codes.
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* Speed. flashrom is often much faster than most vendor flash tools.
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* Portability. Supports DOS, Linux, FreeBSD (including Debian/kFreeBSD), NetBSD, OpenBSD,
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DragonFlyBSD, anything Solaris-like, Mac OS X, and other Unix-like OSes as well as GNU Hurd.
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Partial Windows support is available (no internal programmer support at the moment, hence
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no "BIOS flashing").
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.. todo:: Convert Technology page and add links here
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.. container:: danger, admonition
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**Emergency help**
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IMPORTANT: If something went wrong during flashing, do NOT turn off/reboot your computer.
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Instead, let us help you recover. We can be contacted via `IRC <https://www.flashrom.org/contact.html#irc>`_
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(#flashrom on `libera.chat <irc://irc.libera.chat/#flashrom>`_, `webchat <https://web.libera.chat/#flashrom>`_),
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`Discord <https://www.flashrom.org/contact.html#discord>`_, or `email <https://www.flashrom.org/contact.html#mailing-list-1>`_.
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Please allow some time until someone responds, we're all volunteers.
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