flashrom/serprog.c

/*
 * This file is part of the flashrom project.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2009, 2011 Urja Rannikko <urjaman@gmail.com>
 * Copyright (C) 2009 Carl-Daniel Hailfinger
 * Copyright (C) 2024 Riku Viitanen <riku.viitanen@protonmail.com>
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 */

#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#if ! IS_WINDOWS /* stuff (presumably) needed for sockets only */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#endif
#if IS_WINDOWS
#include <conio.h>
#else
#include <termios.h>
#endif
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include "flash.h"
#include "programmer.h"
#include "chipdrivers.h"

/* According to Serial Flasher Protocol Specification - version 1 */
#define S_ACK			0x06
#define S_NAK			0x15
#define S_CMD_NOP		0x00	/* No operation					*/
#define S_CMD_Q_IFACE		0x01	/* Query interface version			*/
#define S_CMD_Q_CMDMAP		0x02	/* Query supported commands bitmap		*/
#define S_CMD_Q_PGMNAME		0x03	/* Query programmer name			*/
#define S_CMD_Q_SERBUF		0x04	/* Query Serial Buffer Size			*/
#define S_CMD_Q_BUSTYPE		0x05	/* Query supported bustypes			*/
#define S_CMD_Q_CHIPSIZE	0x06	/* Query supported chipsize (2^n format)	*/
#define S_CMD_Q_OPBUF		0x07	/* Query operation buffer size			*/
#define S_CMD_Q_WRNMAXLEN	0x08	/* Query Write to opbuf: Write-N maximum length */
#define S_CMD_R_BYTE		0x09	/* Read a single byte				*/
#define S_CMD_R_NBYTES		0x0A	/* Read n bytes					*/
#define S_CMD_O_INIT		0x0B	/* Initialize operation buffer			*/
#define S_CMD_O_WRITEB		0x0C	/* Write opbuf: Write byte with address		*/
#define S_CMD_O_WRITEN		0x0D	/* Write to opbuf: Write-N			*/
#define S_CMD_O_DELAY		0x0E	/* Write opbuf: udelay				*/
#define S_CMD_O_EXEC		0x0F	/* Execute operation buffer			*/
#define S_CMD_SYNCNOP		0x10	/* Special no-operation that returns NAK+ACK	*/
#define S_CMD_Q_RDNMAXLEN	0x11	/* Query read-n maximum length			*/
#define S_CMD_S_BUSTYPE		0x12	/* Set used bustype(s).				*/
#define S_CMD_O_SPIOP		0x13	/* Perform SPI operation.			*/
#define S_CMD_S_SPI_FREQ	0x14	/* Set SPI clock frequency			*/
#define S_CMD_S_PIN_STATE	0x15	/* Enable/disable output drivers		*/
#define S_CMD_S_SPI_CS		0x16	/* Set SPI chip select to use			*/

#define MSGHEADER "serprog: "

static uint16_t sp_device_serbuf_size = 16;
static uint16_t sp_device_opbuf_size = 300;
/* Bitmap of supported commands */
static uint8_t sp_cmdmap[32];

/* sp_prev_was_write used to detect writes with contiguous addresses
	and combine them to write-n's */
static int sp_prev_was_write = 0;
/* sp_write_n_addr used as the starting addr of the currently
	combined write-n operation */
static uint32_t sp_write_n_addr;
/* The maximum length of an write_n operation; 0 = write-n not supported */
static uint32_t sp_max_write_n = 0;
/* The maximum length of a read_n operation; 0 = 2^24 */
static uint32_t sp_max_read_n = 0;

/* A malloc'd buffer for combining the operation's data
	and a counter that tells how much data is there. */
static uint8_t *sp_write_n_buf;
static uint32_t sp_write_n_bytes = 0;

/* sp_streamed_* used for flow control checking */
static unsigned int sp_streamed_transmit_ops = 0;
static unsigned int sp_streamed_transmit_bytes = 0;

/* sp_opbuf_usage used for counting the amount of
	on-device operation buffer used */
static int sp_opbuf_usage = 0;
/* if true causes sp_docommand to automatically check
	whether the command is supported before doing it */
static int sp_check_avail_automatic = 0;

#if ! IS_WINDOWS
static int sp_opensocket(char *ip, unsigned int port)
{
	int flag = 1;
	struct hostent *hostPtr = NULL;
	union { struct sockaddr_in si; struct sockaddr s; } sp = {};
	int sock;
	msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "IP %s port %d\n", ip, port);
	sock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
	if (sock < 0) {
		msg_perr("Error: serprog cannot open socket: %s\n", strerror(errno));
		return -1;
	}
	hostPtr = gethostbyname(ip);
	if (NULL == hostPtr) {
		hostPtr = gethostbyaddr(ip, strlen(ip), AF_INET);
		if (NULL == hostPtr) {
			close(sock);
			msg_perr("Error: cannot resolve %s\n", ip);
			return -1;
		}
	}
	sp.si.sin_family = AF_INET;
	sp.si.sin_port = htons(port);
	(void)memcpy(&sp.si.sin_addr, hostPtr->h_addr_list[0], hostPtr->h_length);
	if (connect(sock, &sp.s, sizeof(sp.si)) < 0) {
		close(sock);
		msg_perr("Error: serprog cannot connect: %s\n", strerror(errno));
		return -1;
	}
	/* We are latency limited, and sometimes do write-write-read    *
	 * (write-n) - so enable TCP_NODELAY.				*/
	if (setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &flag, sizeof(int))) {
		close(sock);
		msg_perr("Error: serprog cannot set socket options: %s\n", strerror(errno));
		return -1;
	}
	return sock;
}
#endif

/* Synchronize: a bit tricky algorithm that tries to (and in my tests has *
 * always succeeded in) bring the serial protocol to known waiting-for-   *
 * command state - uses nonblocking I/O - rest of the driver uses         *
 * blocking read - TODO: add an alarm() timer for the rest of the app on  *
 * serial operations, though not such a big issue as the first thing to   *
 * do is synchronize (eg. check that device is alive).			  */
static int sp_synchronize(void)
{
	int i;
	unsigned char buf[8];
	/* First sends 8 NOPs, then flushes the return data - should cause *
	 * the device serial parser to get to a sane state, unless if it   *
	 * is waiting for a real long write-n.                             */
	memset(buf, S_CMD_NOP, 8);
	if (serialport_write_nonblock(buf, 8, 1, NULL) != 0) {
		goto err_out;
	}
	/* A second should be enough to get all the answers to the buffer */
	default_delay(1000 * 1000);
	sp_flush_incoming();

	/* Then try up to 8 times to send syncnop and get the correct special *
	 * return of NAK+ACK. Timing note: up to 10 characters, 10*50ms =     *
	 * up to 500ms per try, 8*0.5s = 4s; +1s (above) = up to 5s sync      *
	 * attempt, ~1s if immediate success.                                 */
	for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
		int n;
		unsigned char c = S_CMD_SYNCNOP;
		if (serialport_write_nonblock(&c, 1, 1, NULL) != 0) {
			goto err_out;
		}
		msg_pdbg(".");
		fflush(stdout);
		for (n = 0; n < 10; n++) {
			int ret = serialport_read_nonblock(&c, 1, 50, NULL);
			if (ret < 0)
				goto err_out;
			if (ret > 0 || c != S_NAK)
				continue;
			ret = serialport_read_nonblock(&c, 1, 20, NULL);
			if (ret < 0)
				goto err_out;
			if (ret > 0 || c != S_ACK)
				continue;
			c = S_CMD_SYNCNOP;
			if (serialport_write_nonblock(&c, 1, 1, NULL) != 0) {
				goto err_out;
			}
			ret = serialport_read_nonblock(&c, 1, 500, NULL);
			if (ret < 0)
				goto err_out;
			if (ret > 0 || c != S_NAK)
				break;	/* fail */
			ret = serialport_read_nonblock(&c, 1, 100, NULL);
			if (ret > 0 || ret < 0)
				goto err_out;
			if (c != S_ACK)
				break;	/* fail */
			msg_pdbg("\n");
			return 0;
		}
	}
err_out:
	msg_perr("Error: cannot synchronize protocol - check communications and reset device?\n");
	return 1;
}

static int sp_check_commandavail(uint8_t command)
{
	int byteoffs, bitoffs;
	byteoffs = command / 8;
	bitoffs = command % 8;
	return (sp_cmdmap[byteoffs] & (1 << bitoffs)) ? 1 : 0;
}

static int sp_automatic_cmdcheck(uint8_t cmd)
{
	if ((sp_check_avail_automatic) && (sp_check_commandavail(cmd) == 0)) {
		msg_pdbg("Warning: Automatic command availability check failed "
			 "for cmd 0x%02x - won't execute cmd\n", cmd);
		return 1;
		}
	return 0;
}

static int sp_docommand(uint8_t command, uint32_t parmlen,
			uint8_t *params, uint32_t retlen, void *retparms)
{
	unsigned char c;
	if (sp_automatic_cmdcheck(command))
		return 1;
	if (serialport_write(&command, 1) != 0) {
		msg_perr("Error: cannot write op code: %s\n", strerror(errno));
		return 1;
	}
	if (serialport_write(params, parmlen) != 0) {
		msg_perr("Error: cannot write parameters: %s\n", strerror(errno));
		return 1;
	}
	if (serialport_read(&c, 1) != 0) {
		msg_perr("Error: cannot read from device: %s\n", strerror(errno));
		return 1;
	}
	if (c == S_NAK)
		return 1;
	if (c != S_ACK) {
		msg_perr("Error: invalid response 0x%02X from device (to command 0x%02X)\n", c, command);
		return 1;
	}
	if (retlen) {
		if (serialport_read(retparms, retlen) != 0) {
			msg_perr("Error: cannot read return parameters: %s\n", strerror(errno));
			return 1;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

static int sp_flush_stream(void)
{
	if (sp_streamed_transmit_ops)
		do {
			unsigned char c;
			if (serialport_read(&c, 1) != 0) {
				msg_perr("Error: cannot read from device (flushing stream)");
				return 1;
			}
			if (c == S_NAK) {
				msg_perr("Error: NAK to a stream buffer operation\n");
				return 1;
			}
			if (c != S_ACK) {
				msg_perr("Error: Invalid reply 0x%02X from device\n", c);
				return 1;
			}
		} while (--sp_streamed_transmit_ops);
	sp_streamed_transmit_ops = 0;
	sp_streamed_transmit_bytes = 0;
	return 0;
}

static int sp_stream_buffer_op(uint8_t cmd, uint32_t parmlen, uint8_t *parms)
{
	uint8_t *sp;
	if (sp_automatic_cmdcheck(cmd))
		return 1;

	sp = malloc(1 + parmlen);
	if (!sp) {
		msg_perr("Error: cannot malloc command buffer\n");
		return 1;
	}
	sp[0] = cmd;
	if (parms)
		memcpy(&(sp[1]), parms, parmlen);

	if (sp_streamed_transmit_bytes >= (1 + parmlen + sp_device_serbuf_size)) {
		if (sp_flush_stream() != 0) {
			free(sp);
			return 1;
		}
	}
	if (serialport_write(sp, 1 + parmlen) != 0) {
		msg_perr("Error: cannot write command\n");
		free(sp);
		return 1;
	}
	sp_streamed_transmit_ops += 1;
	sp_streamed_transmit_bytes += 1 + parmlen;

	free(sp);
	return 0;
}

/* Move an in flashrom buffer existing write-n operation to the on-device operation buffer. */
static int sp_pass_writen(void)
{
	unsigned char header[7];
	msg_pspew(MSGHEADER "Passing write-n bytes=%d addr=0x%x\n", sp_write_n_bytes, sp_write_n_addr);
	if (sp_streamed_transmit_bytes >= (7 + sp_write_n_bytes + sp_device_serbuf_size)) {
		if (sp_flush_stream() != 0) {
			return 1;
		}
	}
	/* In case it's just a single byte send it as a single write. */
	if (sp_write_n_bytes == 1) {
		sp_write_n_bytes = 0;
		header[0] = (sp_write_n_addr >> 0) & 0xFF;
		header[1] = (sp_write_n_addr >> 8) & 0xFF;
		header[2] = (sp_write_n_addr >> 16) & 0xFF;
		header[3] = sp_write_n_buf[0];
		if (sp_stream_buffer_op(S_CMD_O_WRITEB, 4, header) != 0)
			return 1;
		sp_opbuf_usage += 5;
		return 0;
	}
	header[0] = S_CMD_O_WRITEN;
	header[1] = (sp_write_n_bytes >> 0) & 0xFF;
	header[2] = (sp_write_n_bytes >> 8) & 0xFF;
	header[3] = (sp_write_n_bytes >> 16) & 0xFF;
	header[4] = (sp_write_n_addr >> 0) & 0xFF;
	header[5] = (sp_write_n_addr >> 8) & 0xFF;
	header[6] = (sp_write_n_addr >> 16) & 0xFF;
	if (serialport_write(header, 7) != 0) {
		msg_perr(MSGHEADER "Error: cannot write write-n command\n");
		return 1;
	}
	if (serialport_write(sp_write_n_buf, sp_write_n_bytes) != 0) {
		msg_perr(MSGHEADER "Error: cannot write write-n data");
		return 1;
	}
	sp_streamed_transmit_bytes += 7 + sp_write_n_bytes;
	sp_streamed_transmit_ops += 1;
	sp_opbuf_usage += 7 + sp_write_n_bytes;
	sp_write_n_bytes = 0;
	sp_prev_was_write = 0;
	return 0;
}

static int sp_execute_opbuf_noflush(void)
{
	if ((sp_max_write_n) && (sp_write_n_bytes)) {
		if (sp_pass_writen() != 0) {
			msg_perr("Error: could not transfer write buffer\n");
			return 1;
		}
	}
	if (sp_stream_buffer_op(S_CMD_O_EXEC, 0, NULL) != 0) {
		msg_perr("Error: could not execute command buffer\n");
		return 1;
	}
	msg_pspew(MSGHEADER "Executed operation buffer of %d bytes\n", sp_opbuf_usage);
	sp_opbuf_usage = 0;
	sp_prev_was_write = 0;
	return 0;
}

static int sp_execute_opbuf(void)
{
	if (sp_execute_opbuf_noflush() != 0)
		return 1;
	if (sp_flush_stream() != 0)
		return 1;

	return 0;
}

static int serprog_spi_send_command(const struct flashctx *flash,
				    unsigned int writecnt, unsigned int readcnt,
				    const unsigned char *writearr,
				    unsigned char *readarr)
{
	unsigned char *parmbuf;
	int ret;
	msg_pspew("%s, writecnt=%i, readcnt=%i\n", __func__, writecnt, readcnt);
	if ((sp_opbuf_usage) || (sp_max_write_n && sp_write_n_bytes)) {
		if (sp_execute_opbuf() != 0) {
			msg_perr("Error: could not execute command buffer before sending SPI commands.\n");
			return 1;
		}
	}

	parmbuf = malloc(writecnt + 6);
	if (!parmbuf) {
		msg_perr("Error: could not allocate SPI send param buffer.\n");
		return 1;
	}
	parmbuf[0] = (writecnt >> 0) & 0xFF;
	parmbuf[1] = (writecnt >> 8) & 0xFF;
	parmbuf[2] = (writecnt >> 16) & 0xFF;
	parmbuf[3] = (readcnt >> 0) & 0xFF;
	parmbuf[4] = (readcnt >> 8) & 0xFF;
	parmbuf[5] = (readcnt >> 16) & 0xFF;
	memcpy(parmbuf + 6, writearr, writecnt);
	ret = sp_docommand(S_CMD_O_SPIOP, writecnt + 6, parmbuf, readcnt,
			   readarr);
	free(parmbuf);
	return ret;
}

static int serprog_shutdown(void *data)
{
	if ((sp_opbuf_usage) || (sp_max_write_n && sp_write_n_bytes))
	if (sp_execute_opbuf() != 0)
		msg_pwarn("Could not flush command buffer.\n");
	if (sp_check_commandavail(S_CMD_S_PIN_STATE)) {
		uint8_t dis = 0;
		if (sp_docommand(S_CMD_S_PIN_STATE, 1, &dis, 0, NULL) == 0)
			msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "Output drivers disabled\n");
		else
			msg_pwarn(MSGHEADER "%s: Warning: could not disable output buffers\n", __func__);
	}
	/* FIXME: fix sockets on windows(?), especially closing */
	serialport_shutdown(&sp_fd);
	if (sp_max_write_n)
		free(sp_write_n_buf);
	return 0;
}

static void *serprog_map(const char *descr, uintptr_t phys_addr, size_t len)
{
	/* Serprog transmits 24 bits only and assumes the underlying implementation handles any remaining bits
	 * correctly (usually setting them to one either in software (for FWH/LPC) or relying on the fact that
	 * the hardware observes a subset of the address bits only). Combined with the standard mapping of
	 * flashrom this creates a 16 MB-wide window just below the 4 GB boundary where serprog can operate (as
	 * needed for non-SPI chips). Below we make sure that the requested range is within this window. */
	if ((phys_addr & 0xFF000000) == 0xFF000000) {
		return (void*)phys_addr;
	}
	msg_pwarn(MSGHEADER "requested mapping %s is incompatible: 0x%zx bytes at 0x%0*" PRIxPTR ".\n",
		  descr, len, PRIxPTR_WIDTH, phys_addr);
	return NULL;
}

static void serprog_delay(const struct flashctx *flash, unsigned int usecs);

static struct spi_master spi_master_serprog = {
	.map_flash_region	= serprog_map,
	.features	= SPI_MASTER_4BA,
	.max_data_read	= MAX_DATA_READ_UNLIMITED,
	.max_data_write	= MAX_DATA_WRITE_UNLIMITED,
	.command	= serprog_spi_send_command,
	.read		= default_spi_read,
	.write_256	= default_spi_write_256,
	.delay		= serprog_delay,
};

static int sp_check_opbuf_usage(int bytes_to_be_added)
{
	if (sp_device_opbuf_size <= (sp_opbuf_usage + bytes_to_be_added)) {
		/* If this happens in the middle of a page load the page load will probably fail. */
		msg_pwarn(MSGHEADER "Warning: executed operation buffer due to size reasons\n");
		if (sp_execute_opbuf() != 0)
			return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

static void serprog_chip_writeb(const struct flashctx *flash, uint8_t val,
				chipaddr addr)
{
	msg_pspew("%s\n", __func__);
	if (sp_max_write_n) {
		if ((sp_prev_was_write)
		    && (addr == (sp_write_n_addr + sp_write_n_bytes))) {
			sp_write_n_buf[sp_write_n_bytes++] = val;
		} else {
			if ((sp_prev_was_write) && (sp_write_n_bytes))
				sp_pass_writen();
			sp_prev_was_write = 1;
			sp_write_n_addr = addr;
			sp_write_n_bytes = 1;
			sp_write_n_buf[0] = val;
		}
		sp_check_opbuf_usage(7 + sp_write_n_bytes);
		if (sp_write_n_bytes >= sp_max_write_n)
			sp_pass_writen();
	} else {
		/* We will have to do single writeb ops. */
		unsigned char writeb_parm[4];
		sp_check_opbuf_usage(6);
		writeb_parm[0] = (addr >> 0) & 0xFF;
		writeb_parm[1] = (addr >> 8) & 0xFF;
		writeb_parm[2] = (addr >> 16) & 0xFF;
		writeb_parm[3] = val;
		sp_stream_buffer_op(S_CMD_O_WRITEB, 4, writeb_parm); // FIXME: return error
		sp_opbuf_usage += 5;
	}
}

static uint8_t serprog_chip_readb(const struct flashctx *flash,
				  const chipaddr addr)
{
	unsigned char c;
	unsigned char buf[3];
	/* Will stream the read operation - eg. add it to the stream buffer, *
	 * then flush the buffer, then read the read answer.		     */
	if ((sp_opbuf_usage) || (sp_max_write_n && sp_write_n_bytes))
		sp_execute_opbuf_noflush();
	buf[0] = ((addr >> 0) & 0xFF);
	buf[1] = ((addr >> 8) & 0xFF);
	buf[2] = ((addr >> 16) & 0xFF);
	sp_stream_buffer_op(S_CMD_R_BYTE, 3, buf); // FIXME: return error
	sp_flush_stream(); // FIXME: return error
	if (serialport_read(&c, 1) != 0)
		msg_perr(MSGHEADER "readb byteread");  // FIXME: return error
	msg_pspew("%s addr=0x%" PRIxPTR " returning 0x%02X\n", __func__, addr, c);
	return c;
}

/* Local version that really does the job, doesn't care of max_read_n. */
static int sp_do_read_n(uint8_t * buf, const chipaddr addr, size_t len)
{
	unsigned char sbuf[6];
	msg_pspew("%s: addr=0x%" PRIxPTR " len=%zu\n", __func__, addr, len);
	/* Stream the read-n -- as above. */
	if ((sp_opbuf_usage) || (sp_max_write_n && sp_write_n_bytes))
		sp_execute_opbuf_noflush();
	sbuf[0] = ((addr >> 0) & 0xFF);
	sbuf[1] = ((addr >> 8) & 0xFF);
	sbuf[2] = ((addr >> 16) & 0xFF);
	sbuf[3] = ((len >> 0) & 0xFF);
	sbuf[4] = ((len >> 8) & 0xFF);
	sbuf[5] = ((len >> 16) & 0xFF);
	sp_stream_buffer_op(S_CMD_R_NBYTES, 6, sbuf);
	if (sp_flush_stream() != 0)
		return 1;
	if (serialport_read(buf, len) != 0) {
		msg_perr(MSGHEADER "Error: cannot read read-n data");
		return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

/* The externally called version that makes sure that max_read_n is obeyed. */
static void serprog_chip_readn(const struct flashctx *flash, uint8_t * buf,
			       const chipaddr addr, size_t len)
{
	size_t lenm = len;
	chipaddr addrm = addr;
	while ((sp_max_read_n != 0) && (lenm > sp_max_read_n)) {
		sp_do_read_n(&(buf[addrm-addr]), addrm, sp_max_read_n); // FIXME: return error
		addrm += sp_max_read_n;
		lenm -= sp_max_read_n;
	}
	if (lenm)
		sp_do_read_n(&(buf[addrm-addr]), addrm, lenm); // FIXME: return error
}

static void serprog_delay(const struct flashctx *flash, unsigned int usecs)
{
	unsigned char buf[4];
	msg_pspew("%s usecs=%d\n", __func__, usecs);
	if (!sp_check_commandavail(S_CMD_O_DELAY)) {
		msg_pdbg2("serprog_delay used, but programmer doesn't support delays natively - emulating\n");
		default_delay(usecs);
		return;
	}
	if ((sp_max_write_n) && (sp_write_n_bytes))
		sp_pass_writen();
	sp_check_opbuf_usage(5);
	buf[0] = ((usecs >> 0) & 0xFF);
	buf[1] = ((usecs >> 8) & 0xFF);
	buf[2] = ((usecs >> 16) & 0xFF);
	buf[3] = ((usecs >> 24) & 0xFF);
	sp_stream_buffer_op(S_CMD_O_DELAY, 4, buf);
	sp_opbuf_usage += 5;
	sp_prev_was_write = 0;
}

static const struct par_master par_master_serprog = {
	.map_flash_region	= serprog_map,
	.chip_readb	= serprog_chip_readb,
	.chip_readn	= serprog_chip_readn,
	.chip_writeb	= serprog_chip_writeb,
	.delay		= serprog_delay,
};

static enum chipbustype serprog_buses_supported = BUS_NONE;

static int serprog_init(const struct programmer_cfg *cfg)
{
	uint16_t iface;
	unsigned char pgmname[17];
	unsigned char rbuf[3];
	unsigned char c;
	char *device;
	bool have_device = false;

	/* the parameter is either of format "dev=/dev/device[:baud]" or "ip=ip:port" */
	device = extract_programmer_param_str(cfg, "dev");
	if (device && strlen(device)) {
		char *baud_str = strstr(device, ":");
		if (baud_str != NULL) {
			/* Split device from baudrate. */
			*baud_str = '\0';
			baud_str++;
		}
		int baud;
		/* Convert baud string to value.
		 * baud_str is either NULL (if strstr can't find the colon), points to the \0 after the colon
		 * if no characters where given after the colon, or a string to convert... */
		if (baud_str == NULL || *baud_str == '\0') {
			baud = -1;
			msg_pdbg("No baudrate specified, using the hardware's defaults.\n");
		} else {
			baud = atoi(baud_str); // FIXME: replace atoi with strtoul
		}
		if (strlen(device) > 0) {
			sp_fd = sp_openserport(device, baud);
			if (sp_fd == SER_INV_FD) {
				free(device);
				return 1;
			}
			have_device = true;
		}
	}

#if !IS_WINDOWS
	if (device && !strlen(device)) {
		msg_perr("Error: No device specified.\n"
			 "Use flashrom -p serprog:dev=/dev/device[:baud]\n");
		free(device);
		return 1;
	}
	free(device);

	device = extract_programmer_param_str(cfg, "ip");
	if (have_device && device) {
		msg_perr("Error: Both host and device specified.\n"
			 "Please use either dev= or ip= but not both.\n");
		free(device);
		return 1;
	}
	if (device && strlen(device)) {
		char *port = strstr(device, ":");
		if (port != NULL) {
			/* Split host from port. */
			*port = '\0';
			port++;
		}
		if (!port || !strlen(port)) {
			msg_perr("Error: No port specified.\n"
				 "Use flashrom -p serprog:ip=ipaddr:port\n");
			free(device);
			return 1;
		}
		if (strlen(device)) {
			sp_fd = sp_opensocket(device, atoi(port)); // FIXME: replace atoi with strtoul
			if (sp_fd < 0) {
				free(device);
				return 1;
			}
			have_device = true;
		}
	}
	if (device && !strlen(device)) {
		msg_perr("Error: No host specified.\n"
			 "Use flashrom -p serprog:ip=ipaddr:port\n");
		free(device);
		return 1;
	}
#endif
	free(device);

	if (!have_device) {
#if IS_WINDOWS
		msg_perr("Error: No device specified.\n"
			 "Use flashrom -p serprog:dev=comN[:baud]\n");
#else
		msg_perr("Error: Neither host nor device specified.\n"
			 "Use flashrom -p serprog:dev=/dev/device:baud or "
			 "flashrom -p serprog:ip=ipaddr:port\n");
#endif
		return 1;
	}

	msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "connected - attempting to synchronize\n");

	sp_check_avail_automatic = 0;

	if (sp_synchronize())
		goto init_err_cleanup_exit;

	msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "Synchronized\n");

	if (sp_docommand(S_CMD_Q_IFACE, 0, NULL, 2, &iface)) {
		msg_perr("Error: NAK to query interface version\n");
		goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
	}

	if (iface != 1) {
		msg_perr("Error: Unknown interface version: %d\n", iface);
		goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
	}

	msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "Interface version ok.\n");

	if (sp_docommand(S_CMD_Q_CMDMAP, 0, NULL, 32, sp_cmdmap)) {
		msg_perr("Error: query command map not supported\n");
		goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
	}

	sp_check_avail_automatic = 1;

	/* FIXME: This assumes that serprog device bustypes are always
	 * identical with flashrom bustype enums and that they all fit
	 * in a single byte.
	 */
	if (sp_docommand(S_CMD_Q_BUSTYPE, 0, NULL, 1, &c)) {
		msg_pwarn("Warning: NAK to query supported buses\n");
		c = BUS_NONSPI;	/* A reasonable default for now. */
	}
	serprog_buses_supported = c;

	msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "Bus support: parallel=%s, LPC=%s, FWH=%s, SPI=%s\n",
		 (c & BUS_PARALLEL) ? "on" : "off",
		 (c & BUS_LPC) ? "on" : "off",
		 (c & BUS_FWH) ? "on" : "off",
		 (c & BUS_SPI) ? "on" : "off");
	/* Check for the minimum operational set of commands. */
	if (serprog_buses_supported & BUS_SPI) {
		uint8_t bt = BUS_SPI;
		char *spispeed, *cs;
		if (sp_check_commandavail(S_CMD_O_SPIOP) == 0) {
			msg_perr("Error: SPI operation not supported while the "
				 "bustype is SPI\n");
			goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
		}
		if (sp_docommand(S_CMD_S_BUSTYPE, 1, &bt, 0, NULL))
			goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
		/* Success of any of these commands is optional. We don't need
		   the programmer to tell us its limits, but if it doesn't, we
		   will assume stuff, so it's in the programmers best interest
		   to tell us. */
		if (!sp_docommand(S_CMD_Q_WRNMAXLEN, 0, NULL, 3, rbuf)) {
			uint32_t v;
			v = ((unsigned int)(rbuf[0]) << 0);
			v |= ((unsigned int)(rbuf[1]) << 8);
			v |= ((unsigned int)(rbuf[2]) << 16);
			if (v == 0)
				v = (1 << 24) - 1; /* SPI-op maximum. */
			spi_master_serprog.max_data_write = v;
			msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "Maximum write-n length is %d\n", v);
		}
		if (!sp_docommand(S_CMD_Q_RDNMAXLEN, 0, NULL, 3, rbuf)) {
			uint32_t v;
			v = ((unsigned int)(rbuf[0]) << 0);
			v |= ((unsigned int)(rbuf[1]) << 8);
			v |= ((unsigned int)(rbuf[2]) << 16);
			if (v == 0)
				v = (1 << 24) - 1; /* SPI-op maximum. */
			spi_master_serprog.max_data_read = v;
			msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "Maximum read-n length is %d\n", v);
		}
		spispeed = extract_programmer_param_str(cfg, "spispeed");
		if (spispeed && strlen(spispeed)) {
			uint32_t f_spi_req, f_spi;
			uint8_t buf[4];
			char *f_spi_suffix;

			errno = 0;
			f_spi_req = strtol(spispeed, &f_spi_suffix, 0);
			if (errno != 0 || spispeed == f_spi_suffix) {
				msg_perr("Error: Could not convert 'spispeed'.\n");
				free(spispeed);
				goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
			}
			if (strlen(f_spi_suffix) == 1) {
				if (!strcasecmp(f_spi_suffix, "M")) {
					f_spi_req *= 1000000;
				} else if (!strcasecmp(f_spi_suffix, "k")) {
					f_spi_req *= 1000;
				} else {
					msg_perr("Error: Garbage following 'spispeed' value.\n");
					free(spispeed);
					goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
				}
			} else if (strlen(f_spi_suffix) > 1) {
				msg_perr("Error: Garbage following 'spispeed' value.\n");
				free(spispeed);
				goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
			}

			buf[0] = (f_spi_req >> (0 * 8)) & 0xFF;
			buf[1] = (f_spi_req >> (1 * 8)) & 0xFF;
			buf[2] = (f_spi_req >> (2 * 8)) & 0xFF;
			buf[3] = (f_spi_req >> (3 * 8)) & 0xFF;

			if (sp_check_commandavail(S_CMD_S_SPI_FREQ) == 0) {
				msg_pwarn(MSGHEADER "Warning: Setting the SPI clock rate is not supported!\n");
			} else if (sp_docommand(S_CMD_S_SPI_FREQ, 4, buf, 4, buf) == 0) {
				f_spi = buf[0];
				f_spi |= buf[1] << (1 * 8);
				f_spi |= buf[2] << (2 * 8);
				f_spi |= buf[3] << (3 * 8);
				msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "Requested to set SPI clock frequency to %u Hz. "
					 "It was actually set to %u Hz\n", f_spi_req, f_spi);
			} else {
				msg_pwarn(MSGHEADER "Setting SPI clock rate to %u Hz failed!\n", f_spi_req);
			}
		}
		free(spispeed);
		cs = extract_programmer_param_str(cfg, "cs");
		if (cs && strlen(cs)) {
			char *endptr = NULL;
			errno = 0;
			unsigned long cs_num = strtoul(cs, &endptr, 0);
			if (errno || *endptr || cs_num > 255) {
				msg_perr("Error: Invalid chip select requested! "
				         "Only 0-255 are valid.\n");
				free(cs);
				goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
			}
			if (!sp_check_commandavail(S_CMD_S_SPI_CS)) {
				msg_perr("Error: Setting SPI chip select is not supported!\n");
				free(cs);
				goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
			}
			msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "Requested to use chip select %lu.\n", cs_num);
			uint8_t cs_num8 = cs_num;
			if (sp_docommand(S_CMD_S_SPI_CS, 1, &cs_num8, 0, NULL)) {
				msg_perr("Error: Chip select %u not supported "
				         "by programmer!\n", cs_num8);
				free(cs);
				goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
			}
		}
		free(cs);

		bt = serprog_buses_supported;
		if (sp_docommand(S_CMD_S_BUSTYPE, 1, &bt, 0, NULL))
			goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
	}

	if (serprog_buses_supported & BUS_NONSPI) {
		if (sp_check_commandavail(S_CMD_O_INIT) == 0) {
			msg_perr("Error: Initialize operation buffer "
				 "not supported\n");
			goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
		}

		if (sp_check_commandavail(S_CMD_O_DELAY) == 0) {
			msg_perr("Error: Write to opbuf: "
				 "delay not supported\n");
			goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
		}

		/* S_CMD_O_EXEC availability checked later. */

		if (sp_check_commandavail(S_CMD_R_BYTE) == 0) {
			msg_perr("Error: Single byte read not supported\n");
			goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
		}
		/* This could be translated to single byte reads (if missing),
		 * but now we don't support that. */
		if (sp_check_commandavail(S_CMD_R_NBYTES) == 0) {
			msg_perr("Error: Read n bytes not supported\n");
			goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
		}
		if (sp_check_commandavail(S_CMD_O_WRITEB) == 0) {
			msg_perr("Error: Write to opbuf: "
				 "write byte not supported\n");
			goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
		}

		if (sp_docommand(S_CMD_Q_WRNMAXLEN, 0, NULL, 3, rbuf)) {
			msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "Write-n not supported");
			sp_max_write_n = 0;
		} else {
			sp_max_write_n = ((unsigned int)(rbuf[0]) << 0);
			sp_max_write_n |= ((unsigned int)(rbuf[1]) << 8);
			sp_max_write_n |= ((unsigned int)(rbuf[2]) << 16);
			if (!sp_max_write_n) {
				sp_max_write_n = (1 << 24);
			}
			msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "Maximum write-n length is %d\n",
				 sp_max_write_n);
			sp_write_n_buf = malloc(sp_max_write_n);
			if (!sp_write_n_buf) {
				msg_perr("Error: cannot allocate memory for "
					 "Write-n buffer\n");
				goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
			}
			sp_write_n_bytes = 0;
		}

		if (sp_check_commandavail(S_CMD_Q_RDNMAXLEN) &&
		    (sp_docommand(S_CMD_Q_RDNMAXLEN, 0, NULL, 3, rbuf) == 0)) {
			sp_max_read_n = ((unsigned int)(rbuf[0]) << 0);
			sp_max_read_n |= ((unsigned int)(rbuf[1]) << 8);
			sp_max_read_n |= ((unsigned int)(rbuf[2]) << 16);
			msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "Maximum read-n length is %d\n",
				 sp_max_read_n ? sp_max_read_n : (1 << 24));
		} else {
			msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "Maximum read-n length "
				 "not reported\n");
			sp_max_read_n = 0;
		}

	}

	if (sp_docommand(S_CMD_Q_PGMNAME, 0, NULL, 16, pgmname)) {
		msg_pwarn("Warning: NAK to query programmer name\n");
		strcpy((char *)pgmname, "(unknown)");
	}
	pgmname[16] = 0;
	msg_pinfo(MSGHEADER "Programmer name is \"%s\"\n", pgmname);

	if (sp_docommand(S_CMD_Q_SERBUF, 0, NULL, 2, &sp_device_serbuf_size)) {
		msg_pwarn("Warning: NAK to query serial buffer size\n");
	}
	msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "Serial buffer size is %d\n",
		     sp_device_serbuf_size);

	if (sp_check_commandavail(S_CMD_O_INIT)) {
		/* This would be inconsistent. */
		if (sp_check_commandavail(S_CMD_O_EXEC) == 0) {
			msg_perr("Error: Execute operation buffer not "
				 "supported\n");
			goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
		}

		if (sp_docommand(S_CMD_O_INIT, 0, NULL, 0, NULL)) {
			msg_perr("Error: NAK to initialize operation buffer\n");
			goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
		}

		if (sp_docommand(S_CMD_Q_OPBUF, 0, NULL, 2,
		    &sp_device_opbuf_size)) {
			msg_pwarn("Warning: NAK to query operation buffer size\n");
		}
		msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "operation buffer size is %d\n",
			 sp_device_opbuf_size);
	}

	if (sp_check_commandavail(S_CMD_S_PIN_STATE)) {
		uint8_t en = 1;
		if (sp_docommand(S_CMD_S_PIN_STATE, 1, &en, 0, NULL) != 0) {
			msg_perr("Error: could not enable output buffers\n");
			goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
		} else {
			msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "Output drivers enabled\n");
		}
	} else {
		msg_pdbg(MSGHEADER "Warning: Programmer does not support toggling its output drivers\n");
	}

	sp_prev_was_write = 0;
	sp_streamed_transmit_ops = 0;
	sp_streamed_transmit_bytes = 0;
	sp_opbuf_usage = 0;

	if (register_shutdown(serprog_shutdown, NULL))
		goto init_err_cleanup_exit;
	if (serprog_buses_supported & BUS_SPI)
		register_spi_master(&spi_master_serprog, NULL);
	if (serprog_buses_supported & BUS_NONSPI)
		register_par_master(&par_master_serprog, serprog_buses_supported & BUS_NONSPI, NULL);
	return 0;

init_err_cleanup_exit:
	serprog_shutdown(NULL);
	return 1;
}

const struct programmer_entry programmer_serprog = {
	.name			= "serprog",
	.type			= OTHER,
				/* FIXME */
	.devs.note		= "All programmer devices speaking the serprog protocol\n",
	.init			= serprog_init,
};